Diabetes is a common disease that affects all age groups in all countries of the world.
Diabetes meaning
It is a disorder of blood sugar levels, in other words diabetes is an increase in the level of sugar in the blood.
It can also be defined as an abnormal metabolism disorder in the event of insulin deficiency or decreased sensitivity of tissues or cells to insulin, or both.
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| Diabetes causes, prevention, new treated diabetes |
What is insulin
It is a hormone made in the pancreas, specifically from beta cells, that introduces glucose from the blood into the cells so that the cells can use it to perform various functions.
Types of diabetes
1- Type-1 diabetes
* One of the characteristics of this type is that the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas, causing them to be completely damaged.
* The pancreas produces very little or no production .
*the patient must be subjected daily and throughout his life to take doses of insulin.
* Type 1 diabetes appears in young people and children, and it can affect the elderly.
*If a person does not undergo treatment early, it could be fatal.
Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
People with this type should consult a doctor and confirm the immune factor.
A person should check the cumulative sugar and random sugar to ensure a significant rise in the level of sugar in the blood.
According to the laboratory data, the doctor will determine the appropriate treatment for high blood sugar, whether by taking drugs or injecting insulin, and according to the blood sugar level, whether the test is random or cumulative in red blood cells (RBC).
Symptoms of type-1 diabetes
1- ncreased thirst
2- frequent urination
3- Bed-wetting in children who did not usually wet the bed at night.
4- Extreme hunger.
5- Unintended weight loss.
6- Irritability, and other changes in mood.
7- Fatigue and weakness.
8- Blurred vision.
Treating type-1 diabetes
Treatment for type 2 diabetes includes:
1- Taking ansulin.
2- Exercise in a balanced way.
3- Eat low amounts of fats and carbohydrates.
4- Avoid fast foods and prepackaged foods.
Favorite foods for type-1 diabetes patients
1- vegetables
2- Fruits
3- whole grains foods.
Types insulin for type-1 diabetes
1- Insulin is very fast acting (immediate).
2- Fast-acting (regular) insulin.
3- Intermediate acting insulin.
4- Slow-acting (long-term) insulin.
Solutions to reduce type 1 diabetes
1- insulin injection: It is done by using a thin, pen-like syringe to inject insulin under the skin, and it is recommended to use the injection under the skin two or three times a day to give the best results.
2- Insulin pump: This is done by using a pump equal to the size of a mobile phone through the pocket or belts and is connected to a thin tube that enters the area under the skin of the abdomen.
The basis of the work of these pumps is to monitor the percentage of sugars consumed in the diet with a momentary measurement of glucose in the blood, so you pump a certain percentage to cover the percentage of sugar, and many studies have indicated the importance of pumps in maintaining the level of sugar in the blood significantly.
Potential future therapies for type- 1 diabetes
1-Pancreas transplantation: In the event that the work on a pancreas transplant is successful, you will no longer need to inject insulin into the body, but it should be noted that the pancreas transplant has dangerous determinants that may outweigh the risk of diabetes in a general way, and it can be used for people who do not control their diabetes or those who Suffer from kidney disease.
2- Cultivation of new cells that replace beta islets in the pancreas.
Type-2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is an illness that affects the way the body regulates the movement of sugar (glucose) and uses it to provide your body with energy. This chronic condition causes too much sugar to mix with the bloodstream. Ultimately, high blood sugar levels can lead to disturbances in the circulatory, nervous and immune systems.
It usually begins in adults, but today type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes can begin in childhood and adulthood. Type 2 diabetes is more common among older adults, but the increase in the number of children with obesity has led to an increase in the number of cases of type 2 diabetes among young people.
There is no cure for type 2 diabetes, but losing weight, eating healthy foods and exercising can help control diabetes. If a healthy diet and exercise aren't enough to control your blood sugar, you may also need diabetes medication or insulin therapy.
Diagnosis of type-2 diabetes
A patient with type 2 diabetes still has a certain secretion of insulin, but these low insulin concentrations are unable to overcome the insulin resistance typical of these patients. In fact, this group of diabetes includes a wide range of defects, from an initial condition in which insulin resistance prevails, to a more advanced case of severe insulin secretion defects.
When you notice a rise in sugar above the normal level after eating meals, it may be an indicator of type- 2 diabetes.
To diagnose type 2 diabetes, blood sugar should be measured frequently, during periods of fasting or after meals, on a regular basis.
Also see a doctor if diabetes rises above the limits.
Symptoms type-2 diabetes
1- An increased sense of thirst
2- frequent urination.
3-An increased sense of hunger.
4- Unintended weight loss.
5- Exhaustion.
6- Blurred vision.
7- Slow healing of sores.
Treating type-2 Diabities
There is no definitive cure for diabetes, but the risks that may accompany diabetes can be reduced by eating balanced meals, exercising and avoiding eating food containing greedy carbohydrates, as well as avoiding soft drinks and industrial juices as well as fast food.
Favorite foods for type-1 diabetes patients
1- Leafy greens
2- eggs .
3- Whole grains foods.
4- Legumes .
5- Citrus fruit .
6- Fruits of the Berry.
7- Cinnamon, But with caution for a patient with pressure.
Type 2 diabetes medications
There are several pharmacokinetic groups whose action is through:
1- Stimulating the performance of the pancreas, especially the beta cells, to produce more insulin.
2- Reducing insulin secretion from the liver.
3- Increase the ability of cells to spy on insulin.
4- Slow down the absorption of food in the stomach.
5- Inhibition of insulin re-absorption in the kidneys.
6- Inhibition of copohydrate-degrading enzymes in the stomach.
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