Diagnosis and treatment of cancer

Cancer is forming due to the uncontrolled growth of the abnormal cells in any site of the body. Which lead to malignant disease. There are over 250 types of cancer.

Any substance that may cause a normal body cell to improve abnormally cells can cause cancer; the general categories of the cancer causative agents or related are as follows: exposures to toxic or chemical compound, pathogens, ionizing radiation, and human genetics.

Diagnosis of cancer

The doctor may use one or more examination to diagnose the cancer:

 Physical examination.

 The doctor may check the affected areas of your body for that may indicate presence of cancer, by physical examination the doctor may look for many abnormalities include: enlargement of specific organ, changes in skin color or that may indicate the presence of the cancer.

 Imaging tests

During imaging tests the doctor can examine internal organs, such as bones, noninvasive way. The Imaging tests which used in the diagnosing cancer may include: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, bone scan, ultrasound and X-ray.

 Laboratory tests

 The Laboratory tests are important in diagnosis of cancer, which can help the doctor to identify the major abnormalities that may be caused by cancer, the tests include: blood tests, urine test, in patients with leukemia, the common blood test is complete blood count(CBC), may reveal an abnormal type or number of white blood cells.

 Endoscopy

During this imaging technique a flexible, thin tube with a camera on the end can inserted into the body cavities that can helps the doctors to view the affected area, moreover, there are many types of the scopes, each one have a different designed to view the particular areas of the body.

 Biopsy

This test can help the doctor to collects a sample of cells for the testing in the laboratory, and there are several methods to collecting a biopsy. Which biopsy procedure is necessary for you depend on the type of the cancer, and its location of the body. In most situations, the biopsy is the best method to definitively diagnose the cancer.

Bone marrow aspiration

 This method can allow the doctor to show the picture of the bone marrow that may be affected in blood cancers, and

Leukemia.

 Bronchial washing analysis   and Sputum analysis

 The cells of the bronchial secretions and the sputum are analyzed under the microscope for detection the signs of lung cancer, and other respiratory tract cancers.

 Pap test

Pap smear is a test to examine a sample of cells can takes from a woman’s cervix under the microscope. This can help detect the changes in the cells that could indicate cervical cancer.

Genetic analysis

The cytogenetic analysis involves the analysis of bone marrow blood or blood cells, to identify the organizations of chromosomes. This test helps in shows up the genetic mutations.

Cancer treatments

Doctors have many approaches when it comes to treating cancer. The cancer treatment approach includes:

 Chemotherapy

 Chemotherapy commonly uses drugs to kill the cancer cells.

· Surgery 

The main goal of the surgery is to remove the cancer from specific site of the body.

Radiation therapy

 In the radiation therapy uses a high-powered energy beam; include protons and X-rays, to kill the cancer cells, the radiation treatment can use from a machine outside the body known as (external beam radiation), or it can be use inside the body (brachytherapy).

· Immunotherapy.

 Called biological therapy, uses the body immune system to remove cancer. Which Cancer can be survive unchecked in the body because the immune system can’t recognize it earlier. Immunotherapy can help the immune system "recognize" the cancer cells and attack it.

 Bone marrow transplant

 The Bone marrow transplant is known as the stem cell transplant. The bone marrow is located inside the bones that can generate blood cells; in the bone marrow transplant can use the patient own cells or cells from the donor. The bone marrow transplant can help the doctor to use higher and aggressive doses of the chemotherapy, to treat the cancer.

 Hormone therapy

Many types of the cancer are completely fueled by the body hormones. For Examples, include prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Blocking the effects of hormones or removing from the body, may stop the cancer cells from growing.

Other treatments of cancer may be available, depending on the type of cancer. And the progress of the patient status.